发表:2012年9月3日
作者:J. Michael Cole
本文由译者志愿者翻译并校对
按照多个标准来衡量,当前两岸关系处于多年以来的最佳时期。但是,从台湾国防部8月31日发表的一份报告看,台湾政府官员似乎并不认为这样的缓和局面会长期持续下去。
毫无疑问,自从国民党的马英九2008年当选总统以来,台湾与中国关系正常化(尤其是在经济层面)的步伐大大加快。随着马英九今年1月份获得连任,预计这种势头将持续下去。除了2010年6月签订的具有里程碑意义的《两岸经济合作框架协议》(ECFA)之外,双方政府还缔结了涉及两岸关系方方面面的至少16项协议,其中包括8月31日达成的一项允许台湾银行开展人民币清算业务的协议。如此一来,就不必在交易之前把人民币兑换为美元了。
除了贸易之外,中国官员访问台湾几乎已经成为常态,限定数量的大陆学生如今可以在台湾的大学就读。大陆游客赴台旅游市场蓬勃发展。自2010年以来,两岸海巡部门每隔一年举行一次联合演习,主要是为了在台湾金门和中国厦门一带水域展开海上搜救行动。
之所以能取得这些进展,主要是因为氛围即便说不上友好,却也不像以往那样像一个火药桶一样紧张,但台湾官员深知北京的意图远不只是经济自由化。北京毫不掩饰的目的是实现统一。耐人寻味的是,在第一个任期当中,马英九试图打造与中国关系的新模式,包括国防部在内的政府机构发现很难再在公开场合讲一些严厉批评中国的话。可以想见,这是总统府高级官员发出的命令,因为他们担心怀有敌意的言辞(比如指出尽管关系出现改善,但中国仍然在调集导弹瞄准台湾)将破坏他为改善关系而付出的努力。
由于种种原因,这种克制态度似乎已经不见踪影。比如说,官员们如今明确表示,军事演习针对的是中国,而不是"自然"的或者某种假想敌。上周向立法院提交的武装部队军事能力5年现代化计划更进了一步,宣称中国一旦具备足够的两栖运输工具,或者在形势需要的时候,可能会试图直接攻击台湾。
此外,该报告说,人民解放军一直在努力提高电子战能力,以期能够在复杂的电子战环境当中展开行动。报告同时指出,种种迹象表明中国可能会在发动军事进攻之前大打心理战,在台湾制造混乱局面。
报告还说,国防部正在扩充通信电子资讯局,包括一个由电子战和网络战专家构成的小组。中国不断对台湾政府和国家安全系统发动网络攻击,国防部此举是对上述攻击做出的直接反应。台湾国家安全局在强调这一点的时候表示,今年1-6月份,该局的电脑遭受了100多万次网络攻击,其中绝大多数来自中国。
本地媒体迅速觉察到了此类信号。如果没有政府高官的许可,是不可能发出这种信号的。几个因素可能有助于解释台湾的立场为何趋于强硬。这当中包括预计北京将施加压力,要求双方展开敏感的政治磋商,在这种情况下,有必要加强战备能力。目前已经有迹象表明,中国开始在这个问题上施加压力。
另一种可能性是,台北或许意识到,尽管最近展现出"善意",但中国不会放弃军事选择,将继续扩大自己的实力优势,而这种做法加深了不信任感。美国把战略轴心转向亚洲,加上东中国海和南中国海日益升级的紧张局势增加了地区环境的不确定性,可能也是发生上述变化的原因之一,甚至可能表明,由于北京试图给人以双方合作在上述两个地区捍卫领土主权的印象,所以台湾在"选择立场"。
其他可能的因素包括:国防部在努力争夺地盘和明年的政府预算,尤其是在当前这个时候,国防部启动了一项耗资不菲的计划,要在2015年之前组建一支全志愿军。又或者,这是赶在美国总统大选前向华盛顿发出信号,挑拨共和党与民主党围绕未来的对台军售协议展开争斗。鉴于"中国威胁"是选战中的重要议题,台湾可能认为这是与美国达成未来军事援助协议的良机。
无论出于何种原因,台北都充分意识到,台湾人更愿意与中国保持"现状",而不是实现统一,尤其不愿继续受制于一个不民主和压迫民众的政权。除非马英九执意不顾帮助他掌权的2300万民众的愿望(这包括投票支持他的大部分人,而这些人也不希望实现统一),否则就别无选择,只能未雨绸缪。鉴于北京在态度温和的台湾政府执政、两岸关系缓和4年之后都无意放弃军事选择,台湾只能以牙还牙。
发出这样的信号可能是个微妙的调整,但这是朝着正确的方向迈出了一步。这决不意味着台北应该放弃与中国改善关系的努力——恰恰相反。不过,台湾不知道当两岸关系进入一个比较艰难的时期(这是必然的)之后,民族主义情绪日益高涨且越来越武断的北京会做出什么样的反应,或者中国的主权要求何时会与台湾本地的民族主义情绪发生冲突,一旦放松防卫,后果将不堪设想。强大的国防是台湾目前能够依靠的最有效保障。
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2 comments:
One red princeling Hu Shiying posted a photo of a private gathering of China's red princelings, in which a infamous red guard Song Yaowu appeared.
The party was hosted by Xi Jinping, then CCP Party Boss in Zhejiang Province. Others appeared in this photo includes Bo Xicheng (son of Bo Yibo and brother of Bo Xilai), Liu Yuan (son of Liu Shaoqi), Wang Qishan (son in law of Yao Yilin), Yang Li (daughter of Yang Shangkun), Chen Yuan (son of Chen Yun) among others. Song Yaowu is the women 4th from left in the front. Xi Jinping is 3rd from right in the second row.
Song, together with another Red Guard Deng Rong (daughter of Deng Xiaoping), killed their teacher Bian Zhongyun, the first teacher to be killed by students in the Great Cultural Revolution. The incident opened an era when red guards across the country were mobilized to take over schools by violence. Many more teachers would be tortured and killed in the next few years.
One of those from whom Hu Jie got evidence was another teacher at the school, Lin Mang.In the film Lin states that the Red Guards beat Bian Zhongyun in a toilet room. He described one of the perpetrators as a tall, thin girl. Lin also stated in the film that Red Guards forced him to carry Bian's body after her murder.
Based upon subsequent additional credible evidence received,the tall, thin girl who Lin saw beating Bian was Liu Tingting, daughter of Liu Shaoqi, the president of China.
One red princeling Hu Shiying posted a photo of a private gathering of China's red princelings, in which a infamous red guard Song Yaowu appeared.
The party was hosted by Xi Jinping, then CCP Party Boss in Zhejiang Province. Others appeared in this photo includes Bo Xicheng (son of Bo Yibo and brother of Bo Xilai), Liu Yuan (son of Liu Shaoqi), Wang Qishan (son in law of Yao Yilin), Yang Li (daughter of Yang Shangkun), Chen Yuan (son of Chen Yun) among others. Song Yaowu is the women 4th from left in the front. Xi Jinping is 3rd from right in the second row.
Song, together with another Red Guard Deng Rong (daughter of Deng Xiaoping), killed their teacher Bian Zhongyun, the first teacher to be killed by students in the Great Cultural Revolution. The incident opened an era when red guards across the country were mobilized to take over schools by violence. Many more teachers would be tortured and killed in the next few years.
One of those from whom Hu Jie got evidence was another teacher at the school, Lin Mang.In the film Lin states that the Red Guards beat Bian Zhongyun in a toilet room. He described one of the perpetrators as a tall, thin girl. Lin also stated in the film that Red Guards forced him to carry Bian's body after her murder.
Based upon subsequent additional credible evidence received,the tall, thin girl who Lin saw beating Bian was Liu Tingting, daughter of Liu Shaoqi, the president of China.
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