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2012年7月14日星期六

《南华早报》自来水的糟糕质量引起警惕

核心提示:尽管北京、上海与重庆大胆声称其水质已达到新的国家标准,一些官员还将其解释为自来水已适合饮用,但公众和专家们并不以为然。居住在北京的许多人说,他们对互相矛盾的自来水水质报告感到困惑,在有关安全问题的一连串惊人事件被披露后,无法理解政府的乐观。

发表:2012年7月13日
作者:Shi Jiangtao、Wei Hanyang 
本文由译者志愿者翻译校对


内地专家为各大中城市自来水质量之差感到震惊,专家说政府缺乏行动,公众关注不足,使得普遍的污染问题雪上加霜。

专家们的警告明确提出了这个鲜有人提及的问题,数日前内地各地修订的饮用水质量标准刚刚生效。

政府官员曾对新标准表示欢迎,新标准将强制监测标准从35项增加到106项,特别强调对重金属和有机污染物的检测。这是达成居民最终能够从水龙头直接饮水目标的重要一步。

但是,环境和医疗专家对这种乐观提出警告,理由是缺少政府拨款来改造老旧的污水处理厂。

他们警告说,内地多数饮用水处理设施无法达到这些更严格的标准,尽管在该标准于2006年首次推出后给予了7年的宽限期。

尽管新标准要在未来一段时间才实施,但专家们说,仍然很难保证流入家庭水管自来水的饮用安全,因为连接处理厂和家庭之间的水管所使用的化学物质污染,以及来自有毒有机化合物的污染是可溶的并且难以去除。

清华大学环境学院教授王占生说:"我们仍然需要大约八、九十年的时间,人们才能够直接饮用自来水,尽管一些大城市能提早达到这一目标。"

共产党喉舌媒体《人民日报》上周也对内地饮用水的质量问题提出质疑。

《人民日报》援引包括来自清华大学另一名环境专家傅涛教授的话,质疑政府最近声称由于污水处理厂升级和水源保护工作,三年来饮用水质量得到明显改善的说法。

根据住房和城乡建设部提供的数据,三年前针对4400多家内地污水处理厂的一项调查发现,加工后自来水仅有58%符合国家标准。

但住房和城乡建设部和国家发改委又援引另一项调查数据说,去年的自来水合格率上升到83%。傅涛说,绝不可能有如此迅速的改善,因为城市附近淡水资源污染情况恶化,改造供水网络所需的资金短缺。

国家发改委下属水专家李复兴说,他担心北京的自来水水质,以及政府统计数字误导公众。

李复兴说:"我不太关心有关饮用水质量的官方数据,因为我们永远不知道它们究竟是如何被编纂出来,甚至它们原本出自哪里。"

尽管北京、上海与重庆大胆声称其水质已达到新的国家标准,一些官员还将其解释为自来水已适合饮用,但公众和专家们并不以为然。

居住在北京的许多人说,他们对互相矛盾的自来水水质报告感到困惑,在有关安全问题的一连串惊人事件被披露后,无法理解政府的乐观。

王占生曾参与起草和修改饮用水标准,他表示由于管线对于化学物质和其他污染物具有可渗透性,经常让政府清洁自来水的努力付之东流。

他说:"尽管在水厂的时候水是符合标准的,但如果在管道中受到污染就很难讲了。世界卫生组织要求的是家里的自来水的安全。"

首都的官员们宣称北京的市民们无需担心自来水的安全,因为其饮用水标准远比其他内地城市严格,专家们也对这一说法提出了质疑。

北京科技大学教授、水标准专家窦以松援引绿色家园志愿者组织和世界自然基金会近期令人沮丧的调查发现,警告说尽管政府付出了成本高昂的清洁努力,但首都的水污染仍未得到控制。

李复兴和窦以松都指出,来自无机物质和有机物质的污染都在增加,包括化学物质甚至重金属。

"公众被告知,自来水烧开之后饮用是安全的,但事实是,烧开的水不能去除那些有毒物质,"李复兴说。

卫生部部长陈竺上个月月底承认,卫生部已经将确保城市自来水安全的目标期限推迟到2015年末,其原本设定的时间是到这个月,原因是在处理污染和改善管道方面遇到的挑战不断增加。

但专家们表示,地方政府缺乏动力,公共监管缺位,意味着修改后的目标也不太可能实现。

王占生说,内地绝大多数水处理设施仍在使用延续数十年的方法和技术——包括一些用了100年以上的——来处理污染。

他问道:"过去30年来,我们已经将所有种类的污染物都倾倒进我们的水道中。用过时的技术来处理现代化学污染物,如何能有改善的可能?"

上周,王占生谴责地方政府,整个内地的水质都达不到标准。

他说:"我想请问,市长和城市水务部门的领导是不是直接从水管中喝自来水。如果没有,你怎么能告诉公众去喝而不会影响他们的健康?"

"如果他们因为盲目追求经济增长而没有能够应对污染问题,那他们就是失职。"

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2 comments:

Lei Shen 说...

One red princeling Hu Shiying posted a photo of a private gathering of China's red princelings, in which a infamous red guard Song Yaowu appeared.

The party was hosted by Xi Jinping, then CCP Party Boss in Zhejiang Province. Others appeared in this photo includes Bo Xicheng (son of Bo Yibo and brother of Bo Xilai), Liu Yuan (son of Liu Shaoqi), Wang Qishan (son in law of Yao Yilin), Yang Li (daughter of Yang Shangkun), Chen Yuan (son of Chen Yun) among others. Song Yaowu is the women 4th from left in the front. Xi Jinping is 3rd from right in the second row.

Song, together with another Red Guard Deng Rong (daughter of Deng Xiaoping), killed their teacher Bian Zhongyun, the first teacher to be killed by students in the Great Cultural Revolution. The incident opened an era when red guards across the country were mobilized to take over schools by violence. Many more teachers would be tortured and killed in the next few years.

One of those from whom Hu Jie got evidence was another teacher at the school, Lin Mang.In the film Lin states that the Red Guards beat Bian Zhongyun in a toilet room. He described one of the perpetrators as a tall, thin girl. Lin also stated in the film that Red Guards forced him to carry Bian's body after her murder.

Based upon subsequent additional credible evidence received,the tall, thin girl who Lin saw beating Bian was Liu Tingting, daughter of Liu Shaoqi, the president of China.

Lei Shen 说...

One red princeling Hu Shiying posted a photo of a private gathering of China's red princelings, in which a infamous red guard Song Yaowu appeared.

The party was hosted by Xi Jinping, then CCP Party Boss in Zhejiang Province. Others appeared in this photo includes Bo Xicheng (son of Bo Yibo and brother of Bo Xilai), Liu Yuan (son of Liu Shaoqi), Wang Qishan (son in law of Yao Yilin), Yang Li (daughter of Yang Shangkun), Chen Yuan (son of Chen Yun) among others. Song Yaowu is the women 4th from left in the front. Xi Jinping is 3rd from right in the second row.

Song, together with another Red Guard Deng Rong (daughter of Deng Xiaoping), killed their teacher Bian Zhongyun, the first teacher to be killed by students in the Great Cultural Revolution. The incident opened an era when red guards across the country were mobilized to take over schools by violence. Many more teachers would be tortured and killed in the next few years.

One of those from whom Hu Jie got evidence was another teacher at the school, Lin Mang.In the film Lin states that the Red Guards beat Bian Zhongyun in a toilet room. He described one of the perpetrators as a tall, thin girl. Lin also stated in the film that Red Guards forced him to carry Bian's body after her murder.

Based upon subsequent additional credible evidence received,the tall, thin girl who Lin saw beating Bian was Liu Tingting, daughter of Liu Shaoqi, the president of China.

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